Watch live bandwidth usage broken down by network interface using nload or ifstat.
$ # Using nload (apt install nload):
nload eth0
# Without extra tools — poll /proc/net/dev:
watch -n 1 'cat /proc/net/dev | column -t'
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Print every environment variable in alphabetical order — handy when debugging missing config or checking what a script will see.
$ printenv | sort
# Or just search for a specific one:
printenv | grep -i path
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List all systemd services and their current status on modern Linux systems.
$ systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running
# Full list including inactive:
systemctl list-units --type=service
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Stream new lines appended to a log file, useful for monitoring deployments or service output.
$ tail -f /var/log/syslog
# Follow multiple files at once:
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log
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Find which directories are eating your disk space, sorted from largest to smallest.
$ du -sh /* 2>/dev/null | sort -rh | head -20
# Show only current directory depth 1:
du -sh ./*/ | sort -rh
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The watch command re-runs a command at a set interval and displays the output — great for monitoring.
$ # Refresh every 2 seconds (default):
watch df -h
# Every 0.5 seconds, highlight differences:
watch -n 0.5 -d 'free -m'
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List all listening TCP/UDP ports and the process that owns them.
$ # All listening sockets + process names:
ss -tulnp
# Or with netstat (older systems):
netstat -tulnp
# Check if a specific port is open:
ss -tulnp | grep ':443'
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